Notes
Calculators

# Heat Energy

### The Joy of a Teacher is the Success of his Students. - Samuel Chukwuemeka

I greet you this day,
You are encouraged to solve the questions first. Then, you may use the calculators to check your answers.
I wrote the codes for these calculators using JavaScript, a client-side scripting language. Please use the latest Internet browsers. The calculators should work.
Comments, ideas, areas of improvement, questions, and constructive criticisms are welcome.
You may contact me. Please be positive when you do. If you are my student, please do not contact me here. Contact me via the school's system.
Thank you.

Samuel Dominic Chukwuemeka (SamDom For Peace) B.Eng., A.A.T, M.Ed., M.S

• Symbols and Meanings
• $Q$ = quantity of heat
• $m$ = mass
• $hc$ = heat capacity or thermal capacity
• $shc$ = specific heat capacity or specific thermal capacity
• $T$1 = initial temperature
• $T$2 = final temperature
• Units
• $J$ = Joules
• $kJ$ = kiloJoules
• $cal$ = calories
• $kcal$ = kilocalories
• $Btu$ = British thermal unit
• $kg$ = kilogram
• $g$ = gram
• $lb$ = pound
• Formulas
• $Q = hc * ΔT$
• $Q = m * shc * ΔT$
• c = specific heat capacity
• ΔT = change in temperature
• T1 = initial temperature
• T2 = final temperature
• Conversion of the Units
• $0K = -273^oC$

$\therefore K = 273 + ^oC \:\:and\:\: ^oC = K - 273$
• $0^oC = 32^oF$

Also; $100^oC = 212^oF$

$\therefore ^oC = \dfrac{5(F - 32)}{9}$ and $^oF = \dfrac{9C + 160}{5}$
• $K = \dfrac{5F + 2297}{9}$
• $1\:kcal = 4185.8J$
• $1\:Btu = 1054.3503J$
• $1\:kcal = 3.9673727240424Btu$
• $T_2 = final\:\:temperature$
Heat Capacity
The heat capacity of a substance is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of the substance (entire mass of the substance) by $1^oC$ or $1 K$.
It is also known as thermal capacity.
The S.I (System International) unit is the $JK^{-1}$ (Joules per Kelvin) also written as $J/K$
Other units are: $kJK^{-1}$ (kiloJoules per Kelvin); $kcal^oC^{-1}$ (kilocalories per degree Celsius); and $Btu^oF^{-1}$ (British thermal units per degree Fahrenheit) among others.

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